Breast Cancer Risk Factor Awareness, Screening Knowledge, and Psychological Perspectives Among Women of Multiplicative Stage
1Rimsha Malik, 2Dr Muhammad Sami Bilal, 3Muhammad Rehan Hameed, 4Kamran Safdar, 5Ali Hammad
1Montarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College Mirpur AJK.
2 Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, CPSP Karachi
3Consultant general surgeon DHQ Hospital Narowal
4PIMS
5PIMS
Vol: 14/02
Received: May 02, 2025 Accepted: June 20, 2025 Published: August 06, 2025
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Early detection through regular screening and increased awareness of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates. However, inadequate knowledge, psychological barriers, fear of diagnosis, and misconceptions continue to limit participation in breast cancer screening programs, particularly among women of reproductive age. This study aimed to assess the psychological awareness of breast cancer risk factors and screening practices among females of reproductive age.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 women aged 18–49 years attending primary healthcare centers and outpatient clinics. Results: The mean age of participants was 31.8 ± 7.6 years. Overall, 68.3% of respondents demonstrated moderate to good awareness of breast cancer risk factors, while 72.0% recognized the importance of early detection. Approximately 64.9% were aware of breast self-examination, 56.3% knew about clinical breast examination, and 48.6% were familiar with mammography as a screening tool. Despite satisfactory knowledge, only 42.9% reported performing regular breast self-examination. Fear of receiving a positive diagnosis, anxiety, embarrassment, and insufficient knowledge were identified as the major psychological barriers affecting screening participation. Conclusion: Women of reproductive age demonstrated moderate awareness of breast cancer risk factors and screening methods; however, psychological barriers continue to limit the adoption of recommended screening practices. Co. Keywords: Breast cancer; Psychological awareness; Risk factors; Breast cancer screening; Breast self-examination; Mammography; Women of reproductive age.