Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Hypertension and Metabolic Disorder
1Ahsan Zubair, 1Naseer Shah, 2Liaquat Ali, 1Ali Razai, 1Ali Hammad, 1Rizwana Ali
1 PIMS Hospital
3Assistant Professor Cardiology/Medicine, PIMS Hospital
Vol: 16/03
Received: January 25, 2025 Accepted: March 02, 2025 Published: July 06, 2025
ABSTRACT:
Background: These days a lot of people don’t get enough vitamin D and it looks like a major health problem around the world. Figuring this out could help shape local preventive steps and treatment plans. Aim: The project had two goals: first, to see how common vitamin D deficiency is among patients at a big hospital in Pakistan; second, to check how strongly this deficiency is related to high blood pressure and a bundle of metabolic issues – bad lipids, insulin resistance and obesity – in the same group. Methods: We did a cross‑sectional research at Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad for a year (June 2024‑May 2025). 94 adults who had full clinical records were picked on purpose. Results: Vitamin D deficiency showed up in 67 % of the people (63 out of 94). Hypertension was present in 38 % (36 people) and metabolic disorders in 42 % (39 people). The chi‑square test gave a significant connection between deficiency and hypertension (p = 0.032) and also between deficiency and metabolic disturbances (p = 0.021). In the regression model, those with low vitamin D had about 2.3 times higher odds of Hypertension (OR ≈ 2.3, 95 % CI ≈ 1.1‑4.8) and roughly 2.7 times higher odds of having metabolic issues (OR ≈ 2.7, 95 % CI ≈ 1.3‑5.5) after we adjusted for age, sex and BMI. Conclusion: Our findings point to a high rate of vitamin D deficiency in this South‑Asian hospital setting and a clear link to both high blood pressure and a set of metabolic problems. Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Hypertension, Metabolic disorders, Cardiovascular risk, Insulin resistance.