Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association with Hypertension and Metabolic Disorder
1Dr. Umair Arif, 2Dr. Zafar Iqbal, 3Dr. Hafiz Muhammad Maaz, 4Dr. Sibgha Bashir, 5Dr. Muhammad Ameer Hamza, 6Dr. Naveed Nayyer
1Associate Professor Medicine, Quaid-e-Azam Medical College Bahawalpur
2Assistant Professor Cardiology, Shahida Islam Medical College Lodhran
3Assistant Professor Cardiology, CPEIC Multan
4Associate Professor Pathology, Shahida Islam Medical College Lodhran
5Demonstrator, Shahida Islam Medical College Lodhran
6Associate Professor Medicine, Shahida Islam Medical College Lodhran
Vol: 16/03, 511-525
Received: January 25, 2026 Accepted: March 02, 2026 Published: July 06, 2026
ABSTRACT: Background: In plain words, not having enough vitamin D could mess up how insulin works, make blood vessels tighter, and raise bad cholesterol – all things that push hypertension and metabolic syndrome forward. Still, we don’t really know how strong this link is for South‑Asian groups, where diet, culture and sunshine are all a bit different. Figuring this out could help shape local preventive steps and treatment plans. Aim: The project had two goals: first, to see how common vitamin D deficiency is among patients at a big hospital in Pakistan; second, to check how strongly this deficiency is related to high blood pressure and a bundle of metabolic issues – bad lipids, insulin resistance and obesity – in the same group. Methods: We did a cross‑sectional research at Shifa International Hospital in Islamabad for a year (June 2024‑May 2025). 94 adults who had full clinical records were picked on purpose. Blood vitamin D was measured with a standard lab test; under 20 ng/mL counted as deficient. Results: Vitamin D deficiency showed up in 67 % of the people (63 out of 94). Hypertension was present in 38 % (36 people) and metabolic disorders in 42 % (39 people). Keywords: Vitamin D deficiency, Hypertension, Metabolic disorders, Cardiovascular risk, Insulin resistance.