The Influence of Diet and Lifestyle Factors on the Onset and Progression of Gestational Diabetes
1Dr Safia Khan Mandokhail, 2Dr Muhammad Adnan Rashid, 3Dr. Mohsin Masud, 4Dr Wajiha Mehwish, 5Taimoor Ghori, 6Dr Samra Ismat
1Isra University Islamabad capus, Alnafees Medical College and Hospital
2Associate Professor, Department: Community Medicine, Institution: Ayub Medical College
Abbottabad, Pakistan
3SR, Medicine, Mayo Hospital Lahore.
4Associate Professor, sialkot Medical College.
5PIMS Islamabad
6Associate professor at Abu umara medical college Lahore
Corresponding:
Dr Muhammad Adnan Rashid, Associate Professor, Department: Community Medicine, Institution: Ayub Medical College Abbottabad, Pakistan
Vol: 14/02
Received: June 25, 2025 Accepted: July 02, 2025 Published: September 06, 2025
ABSTRACT:
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant public health concern, affecting pregnant women globally. The condition is influenced by various modifiable factors, including diet and lifestyle, which can impact both the onset and progression of GDM. Understanding the role of these factors is crucial for developing effective prevention and management strategies. Aim: This study aimed to assess the influence of dietary habits and lifestyle factors on the onset and progression of gestational diabetes in pregnant women. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 250 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between 2021 and 2023. Participants’ dietary intake, physical activity levels, and lifestyle habits were evaluated through structured interviews and food frequency questionnaires. Medical records were reviewed to assess the onset and progression of GDM, as well as pregnancy outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to identify associations between diet, lifestyle factors, and GDM progression. Results: The study found that women with a higher intake of processed foods, sugary beverages, and saturated fats exhibited a significantly earlier onset of GDM compared to those with balanced diets rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables (p < 0.05). Additionally, sedentary lifestyle patterns and lower levels of physical activity were associated with a faster progression of GDM, leading to increased insulin resistance and poorer pregnancy outcomes. Women who maintained regular physical activity and adhered to a healthy, balanced diet had a slower progression of GDM and required less medical intervention. Conclusion: Dietary and lifestyle factors played a significant role in both the onset and progression of gestational diabetes. The findings underscore the importance of early intervention through dietary modifications and lifestyle changes to prevent or manage GDM effectively. Promoting healthy eating patterns and physical activity among pregnant women may improve maternal and fetal outcomes.Keywords: Gestational diabetes, diet, lifestyle factors, physical activity, pregnancy, GDM onset, GDM progression.