Prevalence of Common Causes of Secondary Infertility Among Women
1Dr Nazia Suleman, 2Kainat Fatima, 2Sonia Khan, 2Rahat Toqeer, 2Rizwan Aziz, 2Mobeen Ali
1AP Abu Umara Medical & Dental College, Lahore
2Mayo Hospital Lahore
Vol 15-03, 211-221
Submission: 02 March 2025 | Acceptance: 11 June 2025 | Publication: 28 July 2025
ABSTRACT
Background: The research team examined irregular menstrual cycles along with tubal occlusion, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis as these conditions affect both reproductive ability and mental and social aspects of the afflicted females. The occurrence of secondary infertility affects numerous couples worldwide especially in locations with limited resources. Materials and methods: A six-month research study used descriptive cross-sectional methodology at Mayo Hospital Lahore. The researchers applied non-probability consecutive sampling to select 152 women from ages 18 to 40 years old with secondary infertility. Medical histories along with pelvic ultrasonography, hormonal profiling, vaginal discharge culture, hysterosalpingogram, and laparoscopy made up the data collection methods. The research analysis was conducted through SPSS version 24.0 software. Results: The time period of living with the husband influenced irregular menstrual cycles and dysmenorrhea whereas parity led to dyspareunia only. Conclusion: The research findings demonstrated that secondary infertility causes exist at high frequencies within a low- and middle-income country population. These study results demonstrate the necessity for full evaluation and treatment management of these issues to properly handle secondary infertility. More research is essential to establish specific interventions that will enhance reproductive health results in restricted resource settings. Keywords: LMIC, secondary fertility, dyspareunia, tubal occlusion, irregular menstrual cycle, and endometriosis.