Morphological Spectrum and Frequency of Ovarian Tumors in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore
1Arfa Naeem, 2Madiha Arshad, 3Shahida Niazi, 4Urfa Shafi, 5Zunaira Qayyum, 6Fatima Arshad Majeed
1Assistant Professor, Histopathology, Central Park Medical College, Lahore.
2Assistant Professor, Histopathology, University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital, Lahore.
3Professor of Pathology, Central Park Medical College, Lahore.
4Consultant Histopathologist, Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Centre, Lahore.
5Assistant Professor, Pathology, MBBS-MC Mirpur Azad Kashmir
6Postgraduate Resident (FCPS). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Central Park Teaching Hospital, Lahore
Corresponding author: Dr Shahida Niazi, Professor of Pathology, Central Park Medical College, Lahore.
Vol 16-03, 551-564
Submission: 25 December, 2025 Acceptance: 03 January, 2026 | Publication: 20 January, 2026
Abstract
Objective: To determine the frequency and histological types of benign and malignant ovarian tumors in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore.
Study Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Central Park Medical College/Central Park Teaching Hospital, Lahore, from January 2023- December 2024.
Methodology: All benign and malignant ovarian masses in all age groups were included. Inflammatory tubovarian masses, follicular cysts, cystic follicles, non specific pelvic masses and normal ovaries were excluded.
Results: A total of 116 ovarian tumors were reported including 77(66.3%) benign tumors having an age range between 14 years to 60 years and 39(33.6%) malignant cases having an age range between 17 years to 69 years. Bilateral ovarian tumors constituted 25 cases which included 13 benign & 12 malignant cases. Surface Epithelial tumors comprised the largest group of ovarian tumors constituting 82 cases (70.68%) followed by Germ cell tumors constituting 26 cases (22.41%). In the benign category, serous cyst adenomas constituted 22(28.5%) cases & endometriotic cysts comprised 17 (22.07%) cases. In the malignant category, High Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC) constituted of 19 cases (48.71%) & Endometrioid adenocarcinoma comprised of 10 (25.64%) cases. Serous borderline tumor (micropapillary type) was reported in 02 cases. Malignant germ cell tumors & granulosa cell tumor constituted 4 cases (10.25%) & 01 case respectively. Metastatic tumors included 02 cases of Krukenberg tumors (from gastric primary) & 01 case of metastatic Mucinous adenocarcinoma (from colorectal primary). Conclusion: Surface epithelial tumors were the commonest category of ovarian tumors in both benign and malignant cases, followed by germ cell tumors. An increase in the frequency of ovarian tumors in younger age groups was also noted. Metastases to the ovary were mostly gastrointestinal in origin. Keywords: Ovarian tumors, Surface epithelial tumors, High Grade Serous Carcinoma (HGSC), Germ Cell Tumors (GCT), Krukenberg tumor.